Shikari (Q-AFA) Filgrastim Quantitativer ELISA-Kit

The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) is a widely used analytical immunochemistry assay based on the specific binding between the antigen and the antibody. The application of this test has significantly changed the practice of medical laboratories, where it is used to detect and quantify molecules such as hormones, peptides, antibodies and proteins. Various technical variants of this test can detect antigen (native or foreign) or antibodies that determine the intensity of the immune response, whether pathological or not; the type of immune response induced as well as the innate immunity potential; and much more.

These capabilities, along with the test’s high sensitivity and robustness, and low price allow it to diagnose diseases quickly and reliably in most laboratories. Besides, ELISA is a test that is also used in veterinary medicine, toxicology, allergology, food industry, etc. Despite the fact that it has been around for almost 50 years, different ELISA tests are still being developed with different technical solutions that improve and expand the application possibilities of this exceptional test. The goal of this chapter is to enable the driver to optimize, standardize and validate an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

 introduction

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) has been around for 50 years and ELISAs with different technical solutions are still being developed, improving and expanding the scope.

The test was first described by Engvall and Perlmann in 1971 and was based on the work of Avrameas who used enzyme-linked antibodies in histochemistry. The method was quickly developed for the serodiagnosis of trichinosis and antibodies against   Plasmodium vivax  and   P. falciparum to be used in epidemiological studies of malaria.

  • Since its discovery, there have been numerous applications of ELISA, used to detect both antigens and antibodies. In addition to the detection of protein antigens, ELISAs have been optimized that enable the determination of antibodies against native and denatured DNA, polysaccharide antigens and phospholipids.
  • In fact, the name  ELISA is sometimes used for tests that do not have antibodies present, but instead use specific protein-protein interactions. From the point of view of optimization, validation and standardization, such tests can be treated the same. In the case of protein antigens, the sensitivity of the ELISA is usually in the pg/ml range.
  • When developing a diagnostic test, precise and optimal performance conditions must be found for all steps within the test protocol. This ensures that the entire process is optimal. Before it can be used routinely, for example in diagnostics, the newly developed or newly modified method must prove to be accurate, precise and reproducible.
  • In addition, in order to measure the values ​​​​obtained with the test, it is necessary to standardize the test. Therefore, the Optimization, Validation and Standardization (OVS) of ELISA are extremely important and necessary, especially if they are to be used in clinical or veterinary medicine. In this chapter, the procedures that characterize ELISA are presented in a clear and concise manner.
  • When reviewing the literature, we noticed that the described boundaries between optimization, standardization and validation are not clear enough.
  • The reason for this is  that in certain situations performing a single ELISA can lead to a completion of both validation and optimization features,  which is fully valid. Before going into more detail, and to avoid confusion, it is appropriate to clearly define these three terms.

ACCORDING TO THE MERRIAM-WEBSTER DICTIONARY,

Optimization  is:    An action, process, or method to make something such as a design, system, or decision as completely perfect, functional, or effective as possible.“

Validation  is:    an action, process or instance of validation,   in particular  : determining the degree of validity of a measuring device.“

Standardization  is: „to bring into line with a standard, particularly to ensure consistency and regularity… to compare to a standard: to determine the strength, value, or quality of (something) by comparison to a standard.“

ELISA is mostly used to measure the presence or amount of antibodies or antigens or, in general, biomolecules that can be recognized by antibodies. In biological matrices (such as serum, plasma, blood, urine and saliva) ELISA is an important diagnostic tool for the detection of various antigens and antibodies. Indirect or direct ELISAs are used in medical device development, especially for testing vaccines and new drugs. ELISA with specific antibodies can be developed to measure impurities in the medical devices resulting from the manufacturing process.

Antibody assays against these contaminants should also be developed and validated to test contaminant levels, which should be kept to a minimum to avoid adverse immune responses. The sandwich ELISA is used for immunogenic substances with expected low concentrations such as cytokines, hormones, toxins, etc.

Shikari (Q-AFA) Filgrastim Quantitative ELISA kit

FIL-QNS-FIL Matriks Biotek 1x96-wells test plate 1217.4 EUR

Shikari (Q-ATI) Infliximab (Remicade) Quantitative ELISA kit

INF-QNS-REMI Matriks Biotek 1x96-wells test plate 999 EUR

Shikari (S-ATC) Cetuximab (Erbitux) Quantitative ELISA kit

CET-QNS-ERB Matriks Biotek 1x96-wells test plate 999 EUR

Shikari (S-ATA) Adalimumab (Humira) Quantitative ELISA kit

ADA-QNS-HUM Matriks Biotek 1x96-wells test plate 999 EUR

Shikari (S-AIR) Infliximab (Remsima) Quantitative ELISA kit

INF-QNS-REMS Matriks Biotek 1x96-wells test plate 999 EUR

Shikari (S-ATB) Bevacizumab (Avastin) Quantitative ELISA kit

BEV-QNS-AVA Matriks Biotek 1x96-wells test plate 999 EUR

Shikari (S-ATR) Rituximab (Rituxan, Mabthera) Quantitative ELISA kit

RIT-QNS-RM Matriks Biotek 1x96-wells test plate 999 EUR

Shikari (S-ATR) Trastuzumab (Herceptin, Herclon) Quantitative ELISA kit

TRA-QLS-HH Matriks Biotek 1x96-wells test plate 999 EUR

Filgrastim (rHuG-CSF)

rHuG-CSF Amyotop 300µg/vial 270 EUR

Human RBP4 Quantitative ELISA Kit

LF-EK70030 Abfrontier 1×96T 722.4 EUR

Tiamulin ELISA Kit, Quantitative

DEIA036 Creative Diagnostics 96T 1414.8 EUR

Mouse NoroVirus ELISA Kit(Quantitative )

SL0661Mo Sunlong - 528 EUR

Human Mumps IgG ELISA Kit (quantitative)

SL3197Hu Sunlong 96 Tests 468 EUR

Rat C3 ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

6230 Alpha Diagnostics 1 kit 854.4 EUR

Lactate ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

10795 Alpha Diagnostics 1 Kit 927.6 EUR

Cat IgG ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

300-100-CGG Alpha Diagnostics 1 kit 854.4 EUR

Cat IgM ELISA kit 96 tests, Quantitative

300-170-CGM Alpha Diagnostics 1 kit 854.4 EUR

Cat IgA ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

300-180-CGA Alpha Diagnostics 1 kit 854.4 EUR

Cat IgE ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

300-190-CGE Alpha Diagnostics 1 kit 854.4 EUR

Dog IgG ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

400-100-DGG Alpha Diagnostics 1 Kit 781.2 EUR

Dog IgM ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

400-170-DGM Alpha Diagnostics 1 Kit 781.2 EUR

Dog IgA ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

400-180-DGA Alpha Diagnostics 1 Kit 854.4 EUR

Dog IgE ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

400-190-DGE Alpha Diagnostics 1 Kit 854.4 EUR

Rat IgG ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

6420 Alpha Diagnostics 1 kit 781.2 EUR

Rat IgE ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

6470 Alpha Diagnostics 1 kit 927.6 EUR

Rat IgM ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

6480 Alpha Diagnostics 1 Kit 854.4 EUR

Rat IgA ELISA kit 96 tests, Quantitative

6410-10 Alpha Diagnostics 1 kit 607.2 EUR

Pig IgM ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

9080 Alpha Diagnostics 1 kit 854.4 EUR

Oxytocin ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

10790 Alpha Diagnostics 1 Kit 927.6 EUR

Rat VEGF ELISA Kit, 96 tests, quantitative

200-840-VER Alpha Diagnostics 1 kit 927.6 EUR

Goat IgM ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

7530 Alpha Diagnostics 1 kit 927.6 EUR

Goat IgA ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

7540 Alpha Diagnostics 1 kit 1000.8 EUR

Goat IgE ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

7550 Alpha Diagnostics 1 kit 1000.8 EUR

Rat IgG1 ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

6430 Alpha Diagnostics 1 Kit 854.4 EUR

Duck Pasteurellosis ELISA Kit(Quantitative)

SL0014Du Sunlong - 528 EUR

Human IgG ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

1750 Alpha Diagnostics 1 Kit 781.2 EUR

Human IgM ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

1760 Alpha Diagnostics 1 Kit 781.2 EUR

Human IgA ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

1780 Alpha Diagnostics 1 kit 781.2 EUR

Sheep IgM ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

7630 Alpha Diagnostics 1 kit 854.4 EUR

Sheep IgA ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

7640 Alpha Diagnostics 1 kit 1000.8 EUR

Sheep IgE ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

7650 Alpha Diagnostics 1 kit 1000.8 EUR

Horse IgG ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

7730 Alpha Diagnostics 1 kit 854.4 EUR

Horse IgM ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

7740 Alpha Diagnostics 1 kit 854.4 EUR

Horse IgE ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

7750 Alpha Diagnostics 1 kit 927.6 EUR

Mouse IgA ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

6310 Alpha Diagnostics 1 kit 781.2 EUR

Mouse IgG ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

6320 Alpha Diagnostics 1 kit 781.2 EUR

Mouse IgE ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

6370 Alpha Diagnostics 1 Kit 781.2 EUR

Mouse IgM ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

6380 Alpha Diagnostics 1 Kit 781.2 EUR

Rat IgG2a ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

6440 Alpha Diagnostics 1 Kit 578.4 EUR

Rat IgG2b ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

6450 Alpha Diagnostics 1 Kit 634.8 EUR

Mouse parvovirus (PV) ELISA Kit(Quantitative )

SL0660Mo Sunlong - 528 EUR

Protein-A ELISA Kit, 480 tests, Quantitative

800-110-PRA-5 Alpha Diagnostics 1 pk 3714 EUR

G. Pig IgM ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

7430 Alpha Diagnostics 1 kit 781.2 EUR

Mouse VEGF ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

100-230-VEM Alpha Diagnostics 1 Kit 854.4 EUR

Vitamin A ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

10760 Alpha Diagnostics 1 Kit 927.6 EUR

Vitamin B1 ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

10765 Alpha Diagnostics 1 Kit 927.6 EUR

Vitamin C ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

10770 Alpha Diagnostics 1 Kit 927.6 EUR

Vitamin E ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

10775 Alpha Diagnostics 1 Kit 927.6 EUR

Turkey IgG ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

8020 Alpha Diagnostics 1 kit 781.2 EUR

Horse Fab2 ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

7710-Fab Alpha Diagnostics 1 kit 854.4 EUR

Mouse IgG1 ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

6330 Alpha Diagnostics 1 kit 781.2 EUR

Mouse IgG3 ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

6360 Alpha Diagnostics 1 kit 781.2 EUR

Rabbit IgA ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

6510 Alpha Diagnostics 1 kit 927.6 EUR

Rabbit IgM ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

6580 Alpha Diagnostics 1 kit 708 EUR

Bovine IgA ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

8075 Alpha Diagnostics 1 Kit 854.4 EUR

Bovine IgM ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

8080 Alpha Diagnostics 1 Kit 854.4 EUR

Mouse CCL2 ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

MCC-0L2-100 Alpha Diagnostics 1 kit 578.4 EUR

Mouse CCL3 ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

MCC-0L3-100 Alpha Diagnostics 1 kit 607.2 EUR

Human CCL2 ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

HCC-0L2-105 Alpha Diagnostics 1 kit 578.4 EUR

Human CCL3 ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

HCC-0L3-110 Alpha Diagnostics 1 kit 578.4 EUR

Human CCL4 ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

HCC-0L4-115 Alpha Diagnostics 1 kit 578.4 EUR

Human CD93 ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

HCD-093-120 Alpha Diagnostics 1 kit 578.4 EUR

Vasopressin ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

10800 Alpha Diagnostics 1 Kit 927.6 EUR

Rat IL-13 ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

RIL-013-100 Alpha Diagnostics 1 kit 578.4 EUR

Pig Insulin ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

10420 Alpha Diagnostics 1 Kit 927.6 EUR

Vitamin B12 ELISA kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

0340-B12 Alpha Diagnostics 1 Kit 927.6 EUR

D-Lactate ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

10845 Alpha Diagnostics 1 Kit 927.6 EUR

Protein-A ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

800-110-PRA Alpha Diagnostics 1 kit 927.6 EUR

Mouse IgG2a ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

6340 Alpha Diagnostics 1 kit 781.2 EUR

Mouse IgG2b ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

6350 Alpha Diagnostics 1 kit 781.2 EUR

Dog Albumin ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

7000-50 Alpha Diagnostics 1 kit 781.2 EUR

Rat Albumin ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

6400 Alpha Diagnostics 1 kit 781.2 EUR

Mouse CXCL3 ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

MCXC-003-100 Alpha Diagnostics 1 kit 578.4 EUR

Human CXCL3 ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

HCXC-003-100 Alpha Diagnostics 1 kit 578.4 EUR

Human CXCL9 ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

HCXC-090-100 Alpha Diagnostics 1 kit 578.4 EUR

Homocysteine ELISA kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

0370-HCY Alpha Diagnostics 1 kit 927.6 EUR

Prostacyclin ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

10785 Alpha Diagnostics 1 Kit 927.6 EUR

Mouse IL-2 ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

MIL-002-105 Alpha Diagnostics 1 kit 578.4 EUR

Mouse IL-4 ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

MIL-004-110 Alpha Diagnostics 1 kit 578.4 EUR

Mouse IL-5 ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

MIL-005-115 Alpha Diagnostics 1 kit 578.4 EUR

Mouse IL-9 ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

MIL-009-120 Alpha Diagnostics 1 kit 578.4 EUR

Human IL-4 ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

HIL-004-105 Alpha Diagnostics 1 kit 578.4 EUR

Human IL-5 ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

HIL-005-110 Alpha Diagnostics 1 kit 578.4 EUR

Human IL-9 ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

HIL-009-115 Alpha Diagnostics 1 kit 607.2 EUR

Human IL-8 ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

HIL-080-170 Alpha Diagnostics 1 kit 578.4 EUR

Rat IL-17A ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

RIL-17A-100 Alpha Diagnostics 1 kit 607.2 EUR

Mouse Leptin ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

100-130-LEM Alpha Diagnostics 1 Kit 854.4 EUR

Goat Insulin ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

10730 Alpha Diagnostics 1 Kit 927.6 EUR

Rat Glucagon ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

9485 Alpha Diagnostics 1 Kit 927.6 EUR

Human CXCL10 ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative

HCXC-010-100 Alpha Diagnostics 1 kit 708 EUR

Regardless of the ELISA design (indirect, direct, or sandwich), the OVS principles are the same. Of paramount importance for any bioanalytical method is that it is well characterized, fully validated and documented to a satisfactory standard in order to produce reliable results.

The first step in ELISA development is optimization, followed by standardization and finally validation.

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